A guide for residents of Canada returning to Canada

Is this publication for you?
If you are a Canadian resident intending to travel outside Canada or are returning home after travelling to a foreign country for any period of time, you will find this publication helpful. It provides detailed information that all residents of Canada should know before returning home.

Before you leave
To facilitate your return to Canada, there are several things you can do before you leave.

Identification
Make sure you carry proper identification for yourself and any children travelling with you, regardless of their age, to assist in confirming your legal right or authorization to enter Canada upon your return. Proper identification includes a Canadian passport, a Canadian birth certificate, a permanent residence card, a citizenship card or a certificate of Indian Status.

All adults travelling alone with minor children are strongly recommended to have a letter authorizing them to take the children on a trip out of the country. The letter should include addresses and telephone numbers where the parents or legal guardian can be reached and will confirm that the children are not being abducted or taken against their will.

Divorced/separated parents who share custody of their children should carry copies of the legal custody documents.

When travelling with a group of vehicles, parents or legal guardians should arrive at the border in the same vehicle as their children to avoid any confusion.

Border services officers watch for missing children as part of the Our Missing Children program and may ask detailed questions about the children who are travelling with you.

Protecting your valuables
Before travelling outside Canada with valuable items, you may wish to take advantage of a free identification service that is available at all CBSA offices. This service is available for items that have serial numbers or other unique markings. For items that do not have such markings, the CBSA can apply a sticker to them so they can be identified for customs purposes as goods legally in Canada.

When you show your valuables to the border services officer and state that you acquired them in Canada or lawfully imported them, the officer will list your valuables and their serial numbers on a wallet-sized card called a Form Y38, Identification of Articles for Temporary Exportation. If you are questioned about your goods when you return to Canada, show your card to the border services officer. This will help identify the valuables that were in your possession before leaving the country.

Jewellery
Because jewellery often has significant value and can be difficult to identify, border services officers cannot list it on a Form Y38. It is recommended that you travel with as little jewellery as possible. Taking the following steps before you leave Canada will make it easier for you to re-enter the country with jewellery:

Obtain an appraisal report and a signed and dated photograph of each piece of jewellery from a recognized Canadian gemologist, jeweller or your insurance agent.
Obtain written certification that the items or jewellery in the photographs are the ones described in the appraisal report.
Take the jewellery appraisal reports, certification statements and photographs to a CBSA office to be validated.
If the jewellery was purchased in Canada, retain the sales receipt. If you imported the goods previously, make sure you have a copy of your receipt.
Carry the appraisal reports, the certifications and photographs when travelling outside Canada.
Modifying an item outside Canada
Under customs legislation, if you take any item outside Canada and change it in any way to enhance its condition or value, the CBSA does not consider it to be the same item when you bring it back into the country. You have to declare the full value of the new item.

Example
You take an old diamond ring with you on a trip outside Canada. While outside Canada, you decide to have the diamond taken out of the old ring and placed in a new setting. When you return to Canada, the ring will be considered new and must be declared accordingly.

Even if part of the ring originated in Canada, the CBSA is required to treat the ring like any other piece of jewellery you may have purchased while outside the country. This rule applies unless you have previous authorization from us to have those repairs or alterations made outside Canada.

Repairs or alterations to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft
If you intend to have repairs or alterations made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft outside Canada, check with the CBSA before you leave. Under customs legislation, the CBSA can no longer consider your vehicle, vessel or aircraft to be Canadian-made if you increase its value, improve its condition or have it modified outside Canada. As a result, you may have to pay duty and the goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST) on its entire value when you bring it back.

The value of the repairs or alterations made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Israel or another Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement beneficiary will be free of duty when it is re-imported into Canada. GST/HST will apply to the value of the repairs or alterations.

Emergency repairs can be made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft while you are travelling outside the country to ensure your safe return to Canada. To be eligible for this special provision, however, be sure to declare the value of all repairs and replacement parts when you return to Canada with the vehicle.

Transport Canada also has requirements for vehicles that are extensively modified. For more information, contact Transport Canada's Registrar of Imported Vehicles at 1-888-848-8240.

For your health and safety
Some of the places you plan to visit or pass through may be plagued by cholera, yellow fever or malaria. Before you leave Canada, it is recommended that you contact a qualified health professional at a travel health clinic near you to find out what vaccinations and medications you might need. A list of travel clinics across Canada is available on the Public Health Agency of Canada's Web site at www.phac.gc.ca.

Currency and monetary instruments
If you are importing or exporting monetary instruments equal to or greater than CAN$10,000 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency), whether in cash or other monetary instruments, you must report this to the CBSA when you arrive or before you leave Canada. For more information, please refer to the publication called Crossing the Border with $10,000 or More? that is available on our Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca under "Publications and forms."

Restrictions
Importation of the following goods into Canada is restricted. Make sure you have the information you require before attempting to import these items into Canada.

Firearms and weapons
Canada's firearms legislation helps make the country safer for both residents and visitors. Before you attempt to import a firearm or weapon, contact the Canada Firearms Centre for information.

The following requirements apply to the importation of firearms and weapons:

you must be at least 18 years of age;
you can import non-restricted and restricted firearms provided all documentation and other requirements are met; and
you generally cannot import prohibited firearms or any type of prohibited weapons or devices, including silencers, replica firearms, switchblades, pepper spray and other weapons.
You must declare all weapons and firearms at the CBSA port of entry. If not, you could face prosecution and the goods may be seized. For more detailed information on importing a firearm into Canada, please refer to the publication called Importing a Firearm or Weapon Into Canada or call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information." For information about applying for a Canadian firearms licence or to obtain an application for an Authorization to Transport Restricted Firearms and Prohibited Firearms (Form CAFC 679) in advance, please contact the Canada Firearms Centre:

Canada Firearms Centre
Ottawa ON K1A 1M6

Telephone: 1-800-731-4000 (toll-free in Canada and the United States)
506-624-5380 (from all other countries)
Fax: 613-957-7325
E-mail: cfc-cafc@cfc-cafc gc.ca
Web site: www.cfc.gc.ca

Explosives, fireworks and ammunition
You require written authorization and permits to bring explosives, fireworks and certain types of ammunition into Canada. For more information, contact Natural Resources Canada:

Explosives Regulatory Division
Natural Resources Canada
1431 Merivale Road
Ottawa ON K1A 0G1

Telephone: 613-948-5200
Web site: www.nrcan.gc.ca

Vehicles
Vehicles include any kind of pleasure vehicles such as passenger cars, pickup trucks, camper trucks, vans, Jeeps, chassis cabs, motorcycles, snowmobiles and motor homes, as long as you use them for noncommercial purposes. However, you should be aware that Transport Canada has many requirements that apply to vehicles.

Transport Canada defines a vehicle as any vehicle that is capable of being driven or drawn on roads, by any means other than muscular power exclusively, but not including a vehicle designed to run exclusively on rails. Trailers such as recreational, boat, camping, horse and stock trailers are considered vehicles as are wood chippers, generators or any other equipment mounted on rims and tires.

Import restrictions
Import restrictions apply to most used or second-hand vehicles that are not manufactured in the current year and are imported from a country other than the United States. For more information, please refer to the CBSA publication called Importing a Vehicle Into Canada, which is available on the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca, or visit Transport Canada's Web site at www.tc.gc.ca.

Transport Canada requirements
Transport Canada requirements apply to vehicles that are less than 15 years old and to buses built on or after January 1, 1971. If you are considering importing such a vehicle, be sure that it meets Transport Canada's import requirements or that it can be modified to meet these requirements after you import it. Not all vehicles from the United States can be imported into Canada.

If you have purchased or acquired a vehicle from the United States, you must contact Transport Canada's Registrar of Imported Vehicles (RIV) before you import your vehicle to ensure that it is admissible for importation and can be modified to meet Canadian standards after you import it.

Registrar of Imported Vehicles

Telephone: 1-888-848-8240 (toll-free in Canada and the United States)
416-626-6812 (from all other countries)
Web site: www.riv.ca

In most instances, Canadian residents are not allowed to import vehicles into Canada that have been purchased or obtained in countries other than the United States. If you have acquired a vehicle from a country other than the United States, contact Transport Canada before importing it:

Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate
Transport Canada
Place de Ville, Tower C
330 Sparks Street
Ottawa ON K1A 0N5

Telephone: 1-800-333-0371 (toll-free from Canada and the United States)
613-998-8616 (local calls and from all other countries)
Fax: 613-998-4831
Web site: www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety

Finally, if your vehicle meets both CBSA and Transport Canada requirements, it will also be subject to provincial or territorial taxes. If you need more information, contact the motor vehicle authority in your province or territory.

Restrictions on temporary importing
If you buy, lease, rent or borrow a vehicle while outside Canada, Transport Canada and customs legislation does not allow you to bring it into Canada for your personal use, even temporarily, unless it meets all Transport Canada requirements and you pay the duties and federal taxes that apply. For exceptions please consult Memorandum D2-4-1, Temporary Importation of Conveyances by Residents of Canada, and Memorandum D8-1-1, Temporary Importation (Tariff Item No. 9993.00.00) Regulations, which are available on the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca. You can also call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information." The duties and taxes, as well as the RIV fee, are not refunded when the vehicle leaves Canada.

Goods subject to import controls
To monitor the effects of imports on Canadian manufacturers, there are import controls on items such as clothing, handbags and textiles. These controls are outlined in the Export and Import Permits Act. Depending on the value, the quantity or the type of goods you intend to import, you may need an import permit even if you qualify for a personal exemption.

For more information, call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information" or contact Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada:

Export and Import Controls Bureau
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
Tower C, 4th Floor
125 Sussex Drive
Ottawa ON K1A 0G2

Web site: www.international.gc.ca

Food products, plants and animals
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) has a mandate to safeguard Canada's food supply and the plants and animals upon which safe, high-quality food depends. Since 2003, the CBSA has been performing inspection functions of food, plant and animal products on behalf of the CFIA at all ports of entry into Canada. These controls, restrictions and prohibitions on the entry of plants, animals and their products, including food, mean you will need certificates or permits to import some of these goods.

Many products do not require a mandatory inspection, but if the goods you are importing need to be inspected, or if other actions are required, you may have to pay a fee.

Other Government of Canada departments and agencies such as Environment Canada as well as some provinces have special requirements for the importation of food products, plants and animals. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) alone has import and export requirements for some 30,000 wild animals (including fish), plant species and their products.

Without the proper documentation, we may seize, dispose of or order the removal of some food products, plants or animals. Other imports may require treatment before they can stay. Importers are responsible for all costs related to disposal, quarantine or treatment.

For more information, call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information," or visit our Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca . You can also call a CFIA Import Service Centre toll-free at the following numbers:

Eastern Canada: 1-877-493-0468
Central Canada: 1-800-835-4486
Western Canada: 1-888-732-6222

For information on Environment Canada's import requirements, refer to the CITES Web site at www.cites.ec.gc.ca .

Food products
Canada has complex requirements, restrictions and limits on the importation of meat, eggs, dairy products, honey, fresh fruits and vegetables and other food from around the world. For example, root crops may be regulated and potatoes are prohibited. You can avoid problems by not bringing these kinds of goods into Canada.

You can import certain meat and dairy products from certain states in the United States. Before entering Canada with these products, contact BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information," or refer to the Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) on the CFIA Web site at www.inspection.gc.ca .

The CFIA and Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada have set limits on the quantity and/or dollar value of certain food products you can bring into Canada duty-free or that you can include in your personal exemption. Unless you have an import permit from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada for quantities over and above the established limits, you will have to pay duty based on a rate ranging from 150% to 300% of the value of the goods.

The following are some examples of the limits that apply to personal importations of food products from the United States:

2 dozen eggs;
20 kilograms of dairy products not exceeding $20 in value (e.g. cheese and butter);
3 kilograms of margarine or butter substitutes; and
20 kilograms of edible meats and meat products, including turkey and chicken.
Within this limit, more CFIA and Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada restrictions apply as follows:

a maximum of one whole turkey or 10 kilograms of turkey products;
a maximum of 10 kilograms of chicken; and
a maximum of 5 kilograms of edible meats and meat products from cattle, sheep, goat, bison and buffalo.
Note

All meat and meat products have to be identified as products of the United States.

You also need permits to import some types of food controlled by CITES, such as caviar. However, if you are bringing caviar into Canada as a tourist souvenir or as part of your personal or household effects, you can have a maximum of 250 grams without a CITES permit. For more information, contact the CITES office at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Endangered species."

Plants
Plants are potential carriers of insects and disease. For this reason, border services officers help the CFIA control the entry into Canada of plants, including the earth, soil, sand or all other related matter in which they are planted or packed.

Houseplants are defined as plants commonly known and recognized as such, which are grown or intended to be grown indoors. Bonsai plants are not considered to be houseplants. If you are importing houseplants from the continental United States as part of your baggage or household effects, you do not need phytosanitary certificates or import permits. For all other plants from the United States, you may require a phytosanitary certificate from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and an import permit from the CFIA.

To import plants from other parts of the world, you may require an import permit from the CFIA in advance. You may also require a phytosanitary certificate issued by the phytosanitary authorities of the country of origin (e.g. plant protection / quarantine authorities).

You need permits to import orchids and cacti controlled by CITES. For more information, contact the CITES office at one of the numbers listed in the section called "Endangered species."

Animals
Since animals may harbour pests or diseases that are harmful to people, other animals, crops and forests, the CBSA assists the CFIA and other government departments and agencies to control the entry of animals into Canada.

The CFIA is responsible for food health and safety, and for protecting Canada's agricultural and forestry industries from certain pests and diseases. It controls, restricts and prohibits the entry into Canada of many plants, animals and products made from them, including food. You need certificates or permits for some of these goods before you can import them.

You may import cats and dogs younger than three months old from the United States without submitting any documentation; however, these animals must be examined by a CFIA-authorized veterinarian if they appear unhealthy. If you use an assistance dog that is certified as a guide, hearing or other service dog, you can import it without any restrictions as long as you are accompanying the dog to Canada.

You may import cats and dogs from the United States that are older than three months if you are accompanying the animals and you provide a certificate signed and dated by a licensed veterinarian for each pet. The certificate must clearly identify the animal by breed, age, sex, colouring and any distinguishing marks. It must also show that the animal has been vaccinated against rabies within the last three years. Animal tags are not accepted in lieu of certificates.

You need permits to import certain animals controlled by CITES, such as butterflies. If you plan to import animals other than cats and dogs from the United States, or animals of any kind from other countries, contact BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information" or refer to the AIRS section on the CFIA Web site at www.inspection.gc.ca. Also check the CITES Web site or contact the CITES office at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Endangered species."

Endangered species
Canada signed CITES, an international agreement to protect wild animals and plants and their parts or derivatives from over-exploitation in international trade. CITES operates through a system of import/export permits. However, you can import certain goods controlled under CITES (except for live animals) without a CITES permit if they are for noncommercial purposes only and are part of your clothing or accessories, are contained in your personal baggage or you have owned, possessed and used the goods in Canada. It is always best to check whether the goods you intend to import are exempt. For more information, contact the CITES office:

Telephone: 1-800-668-6767 (toll-free number in Canada)
819-997-1840 (local calls and from all other countries)
Fax: 819-953-6283
Web site: www.cites.ec.gc.ca

Cultural property
Certain antiquities or cultural objects considered to have historical significance to their country of origin cannot be brought into Canada without the appropriate export permits. Before you import such items, you should contact the Department of Canadian Heritage:

Movable Cultural Property
Canadian Heritage
15 Eddy Street, 3rd floor
Gatineau QC K1A 0M5

Telephone: 819-997-7761
Fax: 819-997-7757
Web site: www.pch.gc.ca

Prohibited goods
You cannot import prohibited goods such as obscene materials, hate propaganda and child pornography into Canada.

Used or second-hand mattresses
You cannot import used or second-hand mattresses into Canada unless you have a certificate that verifies the mattresses have been cleaned and fumigated in the country of export. A letter, or any other document that clearly demonstrates that this requirement has been met, is acceptable if it is signed by a person qualified in cleaning and fumigating.

Personal exemptions
When you return to Canada, you may qualify for a personal exemption. This personal exemption allows you to bring goods of a certain value into the country without paying the regular duties except for a minimum duty that may apply to some tobacco products.

The term duties can include excise taxes and GST/HST. It does not include provincial or territorial sales tax. However, the CBSA has working agreements with some provinces and territories that allow us to collect provincial and territorial taxes, levies and fees on goods that have a value higher than your personal exemption.

If you reside in one of the provinces or territories that has a working agreement with the CBSA and you return to Canada at a port of entry in your province or territory of residence, the goods that you import in excess of your personal exemption will be subject to the provincial/territorial assessment. If you bring in more than the free allowance of alcohol, you will have to pay the provincial/territorial assessment for the province or territory where you enter Canada, even if it is not your province/territory of residence.

The Government of Canada has agreements with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador to collect HST at a rate of 14%. If you live in a participating province and the value of the non-commercial goods you import is more than your personal exemption, you have to pay HST instead of GST, regardless of where you enter Canada.

Except for restricted items, you can bring back any amount of goods as long as you are willing to pay the duties and any provincial/territorial assessments that apply. This rule applies even if you do not qualify for a personal exemption.

You must always report the amount you are claiming for your personal exemption in Canadian dollars. You must therefore convert foreign currency values and any foreign sales taxes you paid to Canadian dollars at the appropriate rate of exchange.

What are your personal exemptions?
After each absence of 24 hours or more
You can claim up to CAN$50 worth of goods without paying any duties. This is your personal exemption. You must have the goods with you when you arrive and you cannot include tobacco products or alcoholic beverages in this exemption. If the goods you bring in are worth more than CAN$50 in total, you cannot claim this exemption. Instead you have to pay full duties on all goods you bring in.

After each absence of 48 hours or more
You can claim up to CAN$400 worth of goods without paying any duties. You must have the goods with you when you arrive. Although you can include some tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco. See the section called "Alcohol and tobacco" for more details.

After each absence of 7 days or more
You can claim up to CAN$750 worth of goods without paying any duties. Although you can include some tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products or manufactured tobacco. See the section called "Alcohol and tobacco" for more details. With the exception of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, you do not need to have the goods with you when you arrive.

To calculate the number of days you have been absent, do not include the date you left Canada but include the date you returned. Dates matter, not times. For example, we consider you to have been absent seven days if you left Friday the 7th and returned Friday the 14th.

Who is eligible for these exemptions?
You are eligible for a personal exemption if you are one of the following:

a Canadian resident returning from a trip outside Canada;
a former resident of Canada returning to live in this country; or
a temporary resident of Canada returning from a trip outside Canada.
Even young children and infants are entitled to a personal exemption. As a parent or guardian, you can make a declaration to the CBSA for a child as long as the goods you are declaring are for the child's use.

Do you spend part of the year outside Canada?
If you spend part of the year in another country for health reasons or pleasure, that country usually considers you to be a visitor. As such, you are still considered a resident of Canada by the CBSA. This means you are entitled to the same exemptions as other Canadians. When you import foreign goods or vehicles for your personal use in Canada (even temporarily), you have to meet all the import requirements and pay all the applicable duties and taxes.

What conditions apply to your personal exemptions?
You cannot combine your personal exemptions with another person's or transfer them to someone else.

In addition, you cannot combine your 48-hour exemption (CAN$400) with your 7-day exemption (CAN$750) for a total exemption of CAN$1150.

In general, the goods you include in your personal exemption must be for your personal or household use. Such goods include souvenirs that you purchased, gifts that you received from friends or relatives living outside Canada or prizes that you may have won. Goods you bring in for commercial use or for another person do not qualify for the exemption and are subject to full duties. In all cases, goods you include in your 24-hour exemption (CAN$50) or 48-hour exemption (CAN$400) have to be with you on your arrival in Canada.

Except for tobacco and alcohol, goods you claim in your 7-day exemption (CAN$750) may be shipped to your home by mail, courier or other means of transportation.

Alcohol and tobacco
If you meet the minimum age requirements of the province or territory where you enter Canada, you can include limited quantities of alcoholic beverages in your personal exemption. These items must accompany you on your arrival.

Minimum ages for the importation of alcoholic beverages, as prescribed by provincial or territorial authority, are as follows:

18 years for Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec; and
19 years for Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador.
Alcoholic beverages
You are allowed to import only one of the following amounts of alcohol free of duty and taxes:

1.5 litres (53 imperial ounces) of wine;
1.14 litres (40 ounces) of liquor;
a total of 1.14 litres (40 ounces) of wine and liquor; or
24 x 355 millilitre (12 ounces) cans or bottles (maximum of 8.5 litres) of beer or ale.
Note
We classify "cooler" products according to the alcoholic beverage they contain. For example, beer coolers are considered to be beer, wine coolers are considered to be wine. We do not consider beer and wine products not exceeding 0.5% alcohol by volume to be alcoholic beverages.

You can bring in more than the free allowance of alcohol except in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. However, the quantities must be within the limit set by the province or territory where you will enter Canada. If the value of the goods is more than the free allowance, you will have to pay both customs and provincial/territorial assessments. For more information, check with the appropriate provincial or territorial liquor control authority before your arrival back to Canada.

Tobacco products
You are allowed to bring in all of the following amounts of tobacco into Canada without paying duty:

200 cigarettes;
50 cigars or cigarillos;
200 grams (7 ounces) of manufactured tobacco; and
200 tobacco sticks.
If you include cigarettes, tobacco sticks or manufactured tobacco in your personal allowance, a partial exemption may apply. You will have to pay a special duty on these products unless they are marked "CANADA - DUTY PAID ? DROIT ACQUITTÉ." You will find Canadian-made products sold at a duty-free shop marked this way. You can speed up your clearance by having your tobacco products available for inspection when you arrive.

If you bring in more than your personal allowance, you will have to pay regular assessments on the excess amount. These regular assessments can include duties, taxes and provincial or territorial fees. Border services officers will give an allowance for products that are marked "CANADA - DUTY PAID ? DROIT ACQUITTÉ" when they calculate the amounts owing.

Gifts
While you are outside Canada, you can send gifts free of duty and taxes to friends in Canada under certain conditions. To qualify, each gift must not be worth more than CAN$60 and cannot be a tobacco product, an alcoholic beverage or advertising matter. If the gift is worth more than CAN$60, the recipient will have to pay regular duties on the excess amount. It is always a good idea to include a gift card to avoid any misunderstanding.

While gifts you send from outside Canada do not count as part of your personal exemption, gifts you bring back in your personal baggage do.

Prizes and awards
In most cases, you have to pay regular duties on prizes and awards you receive outside Canada. Prizes can be declared as part of your personal exemption and duty will be paid on any excess amount. For more information, call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."

Paying duties
Making a full declaration and paying any duty and taxes you owe is a simple, straightforward process. You can pay by cash, traveller's cheque, Visa, American Express or MasterCard. We also accept debit cards at most offices. If an amount is not more than CAN$2,500, you can sometimes pay by personalcheque. A border services officer will give you a receipt showing the calculations and amounts you paid.

Special duty rate
After each trip outside Canada of 48 hours or longer, you are entitled to a special duty rate of 7% under the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) tariff treatment in addition to your personal exemption. The rate applies only to goods that accompany you, that do not qualify for duty-free entry under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and that are worth up to CAN$300 more than your personal exemption of CAN$400 or CAN$750. The rate does not apply to tobacco products or alcoholic beverages. You still have to pay any GST/HST that applies. In some provinces, we also collect the provincial sales tax (PST).

Regular duty rate
If you do not qualify for a personal exemption, or if you exceed your exemption limit, you will have to pay GST/HST, as well as any duty or other tax or assessment that applies on the excess amount. Duty rates vary according to the goods you are importing, the country where the goods were made and the country from which you are importing them. You may also have to pay PST if you live in a province where we have an agreement to collect the tax and you return back to Canada through that province.

How goods qualify under NAFTA
Your goods qualify for the U.S. duty-free rate under NAFTA if the following applies:

the goods are for your personal use; and
they are marked as made in the United States or Canada or not marked or labeled to indicate they were made anywhere other than in the United States or Canada.
If you would like more information on goods eligible under NAFTA, refer to Memorandum D11-4-13, Rules of Origin for Casual Goods Regulations, which is available on the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca under "Publications," or you can call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."

World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement
The duty on a wide range of products originating in non-NAFTA countries has been cut or will be reduced to zero over the next few years. NAFTA goods also qualify for the WTO agreement rate. If the duty rate payable on the goods you are importing is lower under the WTO agreement than under NAFTA, border services officers automatically assess your goods using the lower rate.

Value for duty and foreign sales tax
Value for duty is sometimes called customs value. It is the amount we use to calculate duty on your goods, and it is generally based on the price you paid for the goods.

In most cases, we consider any foreign sales tax added to or included in the price to be part of the value. However, some foreign governments will refund sales tax to you if you export the items you bought. In such cases, you do not have to include the amount of the foreign sales tax that was or will be refunded to you.

When you return to Canada
When you return to Canada, you have to declare all the goods you acquired while outside Canada, such as purchases, gifts, prizes or awards that you are bringing with you or are having shipped to you. Include goods still in your possession that you bought at a Canadian or foreign duty-free shop. As well, make sure you declare any repairs or alterations you made to your vehicle, vessel or aircraft while you were out of the country.

If you aren't sure if an article is admissible or should be declared, always declare it first and then ask the border services officer. Remember that border services officers are there to help you and will work out your personal exemption and any duties you owe in the way that benefits you most.

Your rights
If you have any difficulties with the border clearance process, please ask to speak to the superintendent on duty. In many cases, the superintendent will be able to resolve your concerns at once.

Making your declaration
If you are returning to Canada by commercial aircraft, you will receive a Form E311, Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) Declaration Card, to complete before you arrive. These cards are also used at some locations for travellers arriving by rail, vessel or bus. If you have any questions about the card or Canadian regulations, please ask the border services officer when you arrive.

If you arrive in Canada in a private vehicle such as an automobile, aircraft or bus, you can usually make an oral declaration.

If you are declaring goods claimed as part of your CAN$750 exemption that preceded or will follow your arrival in Canada, ask the border services officer for a Form E24, Personal Exemption CBSA Declaration. You will need your copy of the form to claim these goods; otherwise, you may have to pay the regular duty and taxes on them.

CBSA services
We have areas at most major airports where you can pay any duties or taxes you owe while waiting for your baggage to arrive.

The CBSA offers programs that streamline border clearance for pre-approved, low-risk Canadian and U.S. citizens and permanent residents travelling to Canada at major airports, highways and waterways. Refer to the section called "CBSA programs for registered trusted travellers" for more information.

CBSA programs for registered trusted travellers
Our CANPASS and NEXUS programs streamline the border clearance process for pre-approved travellers. If you wish to participate in either of these programs, you must fill out an application form, undergo a security check and meet certain admissibility criteria. For information and application forms, visit www.cbsa.gc.ca/canpass or www.nexus.gc.ca or call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."

CANPASS Private Aircraft and CANPASS Corporate Aircraft
If you frequently travel to Canada from the United States on a small aircraft (maximum 15 passengers including crew), you may qualify for the CANPASS Private Aircraft or CANPASS Corporate Aircraft program. As a participant, you can enjoy many benefits:

access to more airports;
permission to land at an airport of entry anytime the airport is open for landing, regardless of the hours of operation of the local CBSA office;
permission to land at CANPASS-only airports, which may be nearer to your final destination; and
expedited clearance.
These programs require the pilot to call 1-888-CANPASS (1-888-226-7277) at least 2 hours but no more than 48 hours before arrival to identify everyone on board and report the goods they are importing. For more information, visit our Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca/canpass.

CANPASS Air
As a CANPASS Air participant, you can use an automated kiosk at the airport to expedite your border clearance. You simply look into a camera that recognizes the iris of your eye as proof of identity. For a list of participating airports, visit our Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca/canpass.

CANPASS Private Boats
If you participate in CANPASS Private Boats, you must call a CBSA office at 1-888-CANPASS (1-888-226-7277) up to 4 hours before arriving in Canada from the United States. You must also arrive at a designated telephone reporting marine site in Canada. To be eligible for this reporting system, all passengers on the vessel must be program members. If this is not the case, you must follow normal reporting procedures.

NEXUS
NEXUS is a joint program of the CBSA and U.S. Customs and Border Protection that streamlines the border clearance process for pre-approved Canadian and U.S. Citizens and permanent residents travelling between Canada and the United States. It is available at select major land border crossings, participating airports and designated marine ports.

Land mode - allows pre-approved travellers to cross the border using NEXUS dedicated lanes. For a list of participating land border crossings, visit our Web site at www.nexus.gc.ca.

Air mode - allows pre-approved travellers to use an automated kiosk at the airport to expedite their border clearance. NEXUS members simply look into a camera that recognizes the iris of their eyes as proof of identity. For a list of participating airports, visit our Web site at www.nexus.gc.ca.

Marine mode - allows pre-approved travellers to enter at designated marine reporting sites by calling the NEXUS telephone reporting centre at 1-866-99-NEXUS (1-866-996-3987) 30 minutes to 4 hours before arriving in Canada from the United States. For a list of designated sites, visit our Web site at www.nexus.gc.ca.

You and the border services officer
You may occasionally find yourself going through a more detailed inspection. In some cases, this simply means that you may have to complete a form. In other cases, the border services officer will need to identify the goods you are bringing into the country or examine your luggage.

Border services officers are legally entitled to examine your luggage as part of their responsibility to protect Canada's safety, economy and environment. You are responsible for opening, unpacking and repacking your luggage. We appreciate your cooperation.

By making your goods easily accessible for inspection, and having your receipts handy, you will be helping us to help you. It is a good idea to keep all your receipts for accommodations and purchases, and for any repairs done to, or parts bought for, your vehicle. We may ask to see them as evidence of the length of your stay and of the value of the goods or repairs.

If you disagree with the amount of duty and taxes that you have to pay, please ask to speak with the superintendent on duty. A consultation can often resolve the issue quickly and without cost. If you are still not satisfied, our officers can tell you how to make a formal appeal.

In addition to the activities mentioned above, border services officers may arrest an individual for an offence under the Criminal Code (e.g. impaired driving, outstanding arrest warrants, stolen property, abductions/kidnappings) and for infractions under other acts of Parliament (e.g. the Customs Act). If you are arrested, you may be compelled to attend court in Canada. You should note that anyone arrested in Canada is protected by, and will be treated in accordance with, the Canadian Charter of Rightsand Freedoms.

False declarations and the seizure of goods
If you do not declare goods, or if you falsely declare them, we can seize the goods. This means that you may lose the goods permanently or that you may have to pay a penalty to get them back. Depending on the type of goods and the circumstances involved, we may impose a penalty that ranges from 25% to 80% of the value of the seized goods.

In addition, the Customs Act provides border services officers with the authority to seize all vehicles that were used to import goods unlawfully. When this happens, we impose a penalty that you must pay before we return the vehicle.

If you do not declare tobacco products and alcoholic beverages at the time of importation, we will seize them permanently.

A record of infractions is kept in the CBSA computer system. If you have an infraction record, you may have to undergo a more detailed examination on future trips.

If you have had your goods seized, and disagree with the action taken, you can appeal. To do this, you should write a letter to us within 90 days of the date of the seizure to tell us you want to appeal. You can find more information about the appeal process on your seizure receipt form.

Claiming unaccompanied goods
When goods arrive that preceded or followed your arrival in Canada, you have 40 days to claim them by producing your copy of Form E24, Personal Exemption CBSA Declaration. You are required to request this form when you return to Canada (see the section called "Making your declaration" for more information). It is recommended that you retain your copy of the E24 until you have received and accounted for all your goods.

The carrier who delivers the goods will ask you to pay the duties that apply, along with a processing fee. You then have two options:

you can accept delivery by paying the amount owing and then file a claim with us for a refund; or
you can refuse to accept delivery.
Postal importing
If delivery is refused, the shipment is returned to the sender. The importer must advise Canada Post that a reclassification of the shipment is requested. The CBSA will contact the importer who will have to provide an explanation as to the reason for the reclassification.

Courier importing
If you refuse delivery because you want to personally clear the goods through the CBSA, contact and advise the courier company. If the importer simply refuses delivery, the shipment will be returned to the country of export.

Exchanging goods
If you have to exchange any of the goods you brought in under your personal exemption, and you want to avoid paying more duty, you have 60 days from the date you imported them to do so. Contact us for advice on how to do this.

Additional information
If you have any questions, contact the Border Information Service (BIS) line. This is a 24-hour telephone service that automatically answers all incoming calls and provides general border services information.

You can access BIS free of charge throughout Canada by calling 1-800-461-9999. If you are calling from outside Canada, you can access BIS by calling 204-983-3500 or 506-636-5064 (long-distance charges will apply). If you call during regular business hours (8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. local time, Monday to Friday, except holidays), you can speak directly to an agent by pressing "0" at any time during the recording.